Undang: Jurnal Hukum

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This article reviews critically the evolution of the regulation of recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Indonesian Constitution through historical and legal perspective. Using the customary law rights recognition theory as developed by constitutionalists on the experience of the struggle of indigenous peoples in several Latin American countries, this article finds the fact that none of the Constitutions in Indonesia fully recognize and protect the rights of indigenous peoples, although it contains elements of partisanship rhetoric. The weak recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Constitution resulted in the state freely using its power to exclude ancestral rights of indigenous peoples on the pretext of state interests. The interpretation of the articles in the Constitution that recognize and protect the rights of indigenous peoples must be based on the spirit of asserting Indonesian unity in diversity and distinctiveness. Without such enthusiasm, there is will more issues relating to derogation or even the elimination of the rights of indigenous peoples. Abstrak Artikel ini mengulas secara kritis evolusi pengaturan rekognisi hak masyarakat hukum adat dalam Konstitusi Indonesia melalui kacamata sejarah dan perbandingan hukum. Dengan menggunakan teori rekognisi hak masyarakat hukum adat sebagaimana yang dikembangkan oleh kaum konstitusionalis atas pengalaman perjuangan masyarakat hukum adat di beberapa negara Amerika Latin, artikel ini menemukan fakta bahwa tidak satupun Konstitusi di Indonesia secara penuh memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak masyarakat hukum adat, meskipun mengandung unsur retorika keberpihakan. Lemahnya pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat hukum adat dalam Konstitusi mengakibatkan negara dengan leluasa menggunakan kekuasaannya untuk mengenyampingkan hak turun temurun (ancestral domain) masyarakat hukum adat atas dalih kepentingan negara. Interpretasi terhadap pasal-pasal dalam Kons